Researchers' attention has recently been focused to the measurement and tracking of prestressing force in the tendons of prestressed concrete (PC) constructions. Older structures need non-destructive testing techniques to evaluate these forces, even if modern structures are fitted with sensors to monitor prestress losses. This work presents a new approach that uses static displacement data under experimental loads to determine the real prestress force in the tendons of a prestressed concrete beam. This approach offers a more economical alternative by doing away with the requirement for destructive tests or pre-installed sensors. A genetic algorithm (GA) is created to precisely calculate the prestress force of tendons. Laboratory testing shows that the proposed method can detect prestress losses with excellent accuracy, even in the presence of intentional measurement mistakes of up to 10%.Researchers' attention has recently been focused to the measurement and tracking of prestressing force in the tendons of prestressed concrete (PC) constructions. Older structures need non-destructive testing techniques to evaluate these forces, even if modern structures are fitted with sensors to monitor prestress losses. This work presents a new approach that uses static displacement data under experimental loads to determine the real prestress force in the tendons of a prestressed concrete beam. This approach offers a more economical alternative by doing away with the requirement for destructive tests or pre-installed sensors. A genetic algorithm (GA) is created to precisely calculate the prestress force of tendons. Laboratory testing shows that the proposed method can detect prestress losses with excellent accuracy, even in the presence of intentional measurement mistakes of up to 10%.

This study focuses on the investigation of intelligent form-finding and vibration analysis of a triangular polyhedral tensegrity that is enclosed within a sphere and subjected to external loads. The nonlinear dynamic equations of the system are derived using the Lagrangian approach and the finite element method. The proposed form-finding approach, which is based on a basic genetic algorithm, can determine regular or irregular tensegrity shapes without dimensional constraints. Stable tensegrity structures are generated from random configurations and based on defined constraints (nodes located on the sphere, parallelism, and area of upper and lower surfaces), and shape finding is performed using the fitness function of the genetic algorithm and multi-objective optimization goals. The genetic algorithm's efficacy in determining the shape of structures with unpredictable configurations is evaluated in two distinct scenarios: one involving a known connection matrix and the other involving fixed or random member positions (struts and cables). The shapes obtained from the algorithm suggested in this study are validated using the force density approach, and their vibration characteristics are examined. The findings of the comparative study demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology in determining the vibrational behavior of tensegrity structures through the utilization of intelligent shape seeking techniques.

Recognition and understanding the genetic control of traits, combining ability and genetic structure are directly related to the success of breeding programs. For this purpose, a 7 × 7 one-way diallel design was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The measured traits were included plant height, height to the first capsule, number of days to 50% and 90% of flowering, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, number of days to physiological ripening, number of branches, leaves number and length, 1000-seeds weight, capsule weight, length and width, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, biological andeconomic yields, harvest index, oil and protein percentage. Analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes and diallel analysis showed that the additive variance of all traits and dominant variance of all traits except height to the first fruit-bearing capsule were significant. The oltan cultivar was the best and Ardestan genotype was the worst genotype in terms of general combining ability. Sabzevar×TS-3 and Sirjan×Fars were the best hybrids in most traits. The general heritability was between 0.90 to 0.96 for biologic yield and number of branches, respectively and narrow heritability was between 0.36 to 0.91 for the number of branches and harvest index, respectively. The analysis of variance by Hayman method confirmed the results of Griffing analysis.

This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of body weight traits in Markhoz goats, using B-spline random regression models. The data used in this study included 19549 records collected during 29 years (1992-2021) in Markhoz goat Breeding Research Station, located in Sanandaj, Iran. The model used to analyze data included fixed effects (year of birth, sex, type of birth and age of dam) and random effects including direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic, permanent environmental and maternal permanent environmental assuming homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variance during the time. Akaike (BIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria were used to compare the models and bspq.4.4.4.4 was selected as the best model. The direct heritability values for birth, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month weights were estimated to be 0.14, 0.16, 0.08, 0.28 and 0.26, respectively. Genetic correlation between body weights at birth and 3-month, birth and 6-month, birth and 9-month, birth and 12-month, 3-month and 6-month, 3-month and 9-month, 3-month and 12-month, 6-months and 9-month and 9-month and 12-month were 0.22, 0.38, 0.21, 0.56, -0.26, 0.30, 0.62, 0.86 and 0.77, respectively. The highest phenotypic correlation was between the weight of 9-month and 12-month (0.82) and the lowest correlation was between birth weight and 3-month and 6-month (0.12). The results showed that the 9-month weight is a good criterion for selection in Markhoz goats.

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) refers to a condition in which left ventricular volume is normal or slightly less than normal. Given the differences observed in some Asian patients with TOF، the present study was conducted to investigate left heart by determining Z-scores for the mitral valve in Iranian patients with TOF. Methods: Eligible subjects in this prospective descriptive study comprised all patients with TOF presenting to Shahid Modarres Hospital in Tehran from March 2012 to March 2015 and diagnosed as the candidates for surgery. After determining the need for surgery and the therapeutic method required، the mitral valve size and Z-scores were calculated. We analyzed sex، age، body surface area (BSA)، mitral size (in 2-chamber and 4-chamber view)، mitral Z-score، other cardiac anomalies، number of surgery and previous surgery. Results: Of a total of 80 patients included in the study over 3 years، 29 (36. 3%) were male and 51 (63. 8%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 7. 15± 3. 37 years and their mitral size was found to be 10-27 mm (16. 2± 5. 99 mm) using echocardiography. Z-scores of the mitral valve were also obtained as-3. 09± 2. 11، ranging between-7. 1 SD and +1. 3 SD. 58 (72. 5%) patients have only TOF and 22 (27. 5%) with other cardiac anomalies. 45 patients were for first time underwent surgery and 22 patients for second time، 12 patients for three time and 1 for forth. Of a total of 35 patients had previous surgery، the most common were shunt 15 (42. 9%) and then tetralogy of Fallot total correction (TFTC) in 12 (34. 3%). Of a total of 80 patients، 59 (73. 8%) underwent TFTC، 17 (21. 3%) under pulmonary valve replacement and 4 (5%) shunt. Conclusion: Z-scores of the mitral valve were found to be significantly below the normal value، (i. e. 0± 2 SD)، in the study patients، suggesting the risk of hypoplastic left heart syndrome in Iranian patients with TOF، nevertheless، the type of TOF examined in these patients might have been different from those observed in other races and regions.

Verticillium dahliae is an economically important pathogen causing vascular wilt on more than 160 plant species. Most strains have a wide host range. Forty-five wild isolates of V. dahlia recovered from different woody and herbaceous plants throughout Iran. Genetic diversity of the isolates was assessed through vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) using nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants. Nit mutants were generated using water agar supplemented with 5-7% KClO3. Nit mutants from different isolates were used in all possible combinations. Three VC local groups were identified and designated as VCGA, VCGB and VCGC which correspond to VCG2B (88.8%) and VCG 2A (8.8%) and weakly to VCG2A (2.2%) Most of the isolates were assigned to VCG2B. The results indicated that genetic diversity of V. dahliae is very low and there were no relationship between VCGs and geographicalorig in of the isolates. Host specificity of V. dahliae using 18 isolates was determined on 11 different hosts plant species. Different plants reacted differently to the isolates and were divided into three groups: very sensitive (eggplant, pistachio, cotton and okra), semi-sensitive (sunflower, radish and rapeseed) and low sensitive (pepper, tomato, small radish and cabbage). Each plant species reacted differently to each isolate. Mint was less sensitive to the pathogen (5 isolates) than other plant species tested.